Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Soil Moisture and Land–Atmosphere Coupling over the Tibetan Plateau Derived from Three Gridded Datasets

Soil moisture is a crucial component of the water cycle and plays an important role in regional weather climate. However, owing to lack In Situ observations, accurate understanding spatiotemporal variations soil (SM) on Tibetan Plateau (TP) still lacking. this study, we used three gridded SM products characterize features TP during warm season (May August). We analyzed fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) datasets station observation data triple collocation quantify product accuracy consistency. Results evaluation based show that both ERA5 GLDAS overestimate SM, while SMAP high. terms capturing temporal measured at stations, performance are superior GLDAS. According collocation, exhibits smallest random error over highest correlation with unknown true eastern TP. For SMAP, variability largest southern GLDAS, western substantially larger than SMAP. Low-frequency (30–90 days) contributor intraseasonal variability. Relative contribution high-frequency low Land-atmosphere coupling stronger (weaker) (southeastern) TP, which relatively dry (wet). Our may facilitate use these disaster monitoring climate hydrological studies.